Mathematics & statistics

Basic Algebra with Applications

Ivan G. Zaigralin
Samizdat · 6th edition; copyright 2017–2023 · English · Published 2023

Algebra from mathematical expressions and real-number axioms through equations, functions and applications, with worked exercises and answers.

Learning stage
High school
Prerequisites
Arithmetic and readiness to learn elementary algebra.
PDF pages
513 in this file
Editorial review
2026-10-29

Contents

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  • Contents

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  • Chapter 1. Concepts
    • Chapter 1. Concepts

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    • 1. Expressions, Relations, and Substitution

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    • 2. Real Number Axioms

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    • 3. The Number Line and Sets of Numbers

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    • 4. Properties of Real Numbers

      Read the original · Editorial erratum: on physical PDF page 50, Basic Example 4.2.6 prints (1 + 2)^2 = 3^3 = 9. The middle term should be 3^2. The original PDF is preserved.

    • 5. Order of Operations

      Read the original · Order of Operations, physical PDF pages 53–60: evaluate parentheses, powers, products and sums, then simplify like terms. Requires signed-number arithmetic and introductory variable notation; start with the worked examples before the exercises. Selected junior extension; the parent book retains its original stage. Read the original PDF to preserve mathematical layout.

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    • 6. Prime Numbers

      Read the original · Prime Numbers, physical PDF pages 61–68: recognize divisors and primes, factor integers and simplify fractions. Requires multiplication/division and familiarity with powers; later variable exercises can be completed with teacher support. Selected junior extension; the parent book retains its original stage. Read the original PDF to preserve mathematical layout.

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    • 7. Fractions and Rationals

      Read the original · Editorial erratum: on physical PDF page 70, the answer to Example 7.1.1 prints an x factor where b is required. For 3b/(xy), the factors are 3, b, 1/x and 1/y, assuming x and y are nonzero. The preceding worked derivation on page 69 is correct. The original PDF is preserved.

    • 8. Fraction Addition

      Read the original · Fraction Addition, physical PDF pages 78–85: add common-denominator fractions, find a least common multiple, and convert mixed and improper fractions. Requires multiplication and prime factorization; variable exercises extend the basic arithmetic. Selected junior extension; the parent book retains its original stage. Read the original PDF to preserve mathematical layout.

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    • 9. Translation

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    • Practice Test 1

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  • Chapter 2. Linear Equations
    • Chapter 2. Linear Equations

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    • 1. Properties of Equations

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    • 2. Solving Linear Equations

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    • 3. Linear Formulas

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    • 4. Percent

      Read the original · Percent, physical PDF pages 123–129: connect percentages with fractions and decimals and solve part/whole, discount and increase problems. Requires basic fractions and simple equations. Prices, tax rates and interest rates in the exercises are hypothetical arithmetic inputs, not current financial or legal guidance. Selected junior extension; the parent book retains its original stage. Read the original PDF to preserve mathematical layout.

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    • 5. Applications

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    • 6. Linear Inequalities

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    • Practice Test 2

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  • Chapter 3. Graphing
    • Chapter 3. Graphing

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    • 1. Reading and Constructing Graphs

      Read the original · Editorial erratum: on physical PDF page 154, Example 1.1.3 asks for D(20, +0.2), but the illustrated point D is below the horizontal axis and is labelled D(20, -0.2). For the stated question, D belongs above the axis at +0.2. The original PDF is preserved.

    • 2. Graphing Linear Equations

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    • 3. Intercepts

      Read the original · Editorial erratum: on physical PDF page 170, Example 3.2.3 calls y = 2 a vertical line. It is a horizontal line; the stated y-intercept (0, 2) is correct. The original PDF is preserved.

    • 4. Slope

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    • 5. Slope-Intercept Form

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    • 6. Point-Slope Form

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    • 7. Function Notation

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    • Practice Test 3

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  • Chapter 4. Linear Systems
    • Chapter 4. Linear Systems

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    • 1. Graphing Systems of Equations

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    • 2. Substitution

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    • 3. Elimination

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    • 4. Applications of Systems

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    • 5. Multivariate Linear Inequalities

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    • Practice Test 4

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  • Chapter 5. Polynomial Expressions
    • Chapter 5. Polynomial Expressions

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    • 1. Integer Exponent

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    • 2. Properties of Exponent

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    • 3. Introduction to Polynomials

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    • 4. Sums of Polynomials

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    • 5. Products of Polynomials

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    • 6. Special Products

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    • 7. Quotients of Polynomials

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    • 8. Negative Exponent

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    • Practice Test 5

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  • Chapter 6. Factoring Polynomials
    • Chapter 6. Factoring Polynomials

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    • 1. Greatest Common Factor

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    • 2. Grouping

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    • 3. Factoring x2 + bx + c

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    • 4. Factoring ax2 + bx + c

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    • 5. Factoring Special Products

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    • 6. General Factoring Strategy

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    • 7. Solving Equations by Factoring

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    • 8. Factoring Applications

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    • Practice Test 6

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  • Chapter 7. Rational Expressions
    • Chapter 7. Rational Expressions

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    • 1. Simplifying Rational Expressions

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    • 2. Products of Rational Expressions

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    • 3. LCD for Rational Expressions

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    • 4. Sums of Rational Expressions

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    • 5. Complex Fractions

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    • 6. Equations with Rational Expressions

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    • Practice Test 7

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  • Chapter 8. Radicals
    • Chapter 8. Radicals

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    • 1. Introduction to Radicals

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    • 2. Products with Square Roots

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    • 3. Quotients with Square Roots

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    • 4. Sums with Square Roots

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    • 5. Equations with Square Roots

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    • 6. Applications to Right Triangles

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    • 7. Rational Exponent

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    • Practice Test 8

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  • Chapter 9. Quadratic Equations
    • Chapter 9. Quadratic Equations

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    • 1. Complex Numbers

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    • 2. Square Root Property

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    • 3. Completing the Square

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    • 4. Quadratic Formula

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    • Practice Final

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  • Appendix A. To Instructors
    • Appendix A. To Instructors

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    • 1. Lecture Notes

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  • Appendix B. To Developers
    • Appendix B. To Developers

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    • 1. Contributing

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    • 2. Document Formatting Guidelines

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    • 3. To Do

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    • 4. Working with the Source

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    • 5. Acknowledgments

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  • Index

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Sources and permissions

The author and publisher remain the source of this textbook. Permission information applies to the specific files in this edition.

Author, publisher, and discovery sources

Authors: Ivan G. Zaigralin
Publisher: Samizdat

  • Discovered through Open Textbook Library: Source record · Checked 2026-10-29
  • Discovered through Open Textbook Library: Source record · Checked 2026-10-25
CC BY-SA 4.0

Basic Algebra with Applications, sixth edition, Ivan G. Zaigralin, copyright 2017–2023, Samizdat, CC BY-SA 4.0. Cover design copyright 2018 Derrick Santiago. Original PDF unchanged; all original credits retained; no endorsement implied.

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